Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Swope BN[original query] |
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Serological evidence for Eastern equine encephalitis virus activity in white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, in Vermont, 2010
Berl E , Eisen RJ , Macmillan K , Swope BN , Saxton-Shaw KD , Graham AC , Turmel JP , Mutebi JP . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012 88 (1) 103-7 Serum samples from 489 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were screened for antibodies against the Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs). EEEV antibodies were detected in 10.2% of serum samples. This evidence is the first evidence that EEEV is present in Vermont. Serum was collected from deer in all 14 counties in the state, and positive EEEV sera were found in 12 (85%) of 14 counties, suggesting statewide EEEV activity in Vermont. Analysis of the spatial distribution of PRNT-positive samples revealed a random distribution of EEEV throughout the state. Results indicate widespread EEEV activity in Vermont, and they suggest that EEEV is not a recent introduction in the state but that EEEV activity has not been detected until now. |
Eastern equine encephalitis in moose (Alces americanus) in northeastern Vermont
Mutebi JP , Swope BN , Saxton-Shaw KD , Graham AC , Turmel JP , Berl E . J Wildl Dis 2012 48 (4) 1109-12 During fall 2010, 21 moose (Alces americanus) sera collected in northeastern Vermont were screened for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) antibodies using plaque reduction neutralization tests. Six (29%) were antibody positive. This is the first evidence of EEEV activity in Vermont, and the second report of EEEV antibodies in moose. |
Vector competence of Culex restuans (Diptera: Culicidae) from two regions of Chicago with low and high prevalence of West Nile virus human infections
Mutebi JP , Swope BN , Doyle MS , Biggerstaff BJ . J Med Entomol 2012 49 (3) 678-86 Vector competence studies for West Nile virus (WNV) were conducted for two Culex (Culex) restuans Theobald populations Edison Park (EP) and Illinois Medical District (IMD), in Chicago, IL. The aim was to determine if there were differences between mosquito populations that contributed to the observed differences in the prevalence of WNV. Percentages of orally infected, disseminated, and transmitting mosquitoes were estimated using a generalized linear mixed effects model including a random effect for family to account for anticipated within-family correlation. Analysis indicated that percentages of infected, disseminated, and transmitting mosquitoes were not significantly different between EP and IMD. The within-family correlation was 0.46 (95% CI 0.28, 0.67), indicating reasonably strong tendency for WNV titers of bodies, saliva, and legs within families to be similar. Overall, our results show that vector competence of Cx. restuans for WNV is not a contributing factor to the observed differences in WNV human cases between the EP and IMD areas of Chicago. |
Vector competence of the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) for West Nile virus
Doyle MS , Swope BN , Hogsette JA , Burkhalter KL , Savage HM , Nasci RS . J Med Entomol 2011 48 (3) 656-668 In 2006-2007, stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were suspected of being enzootic vectors of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) during a die-off of American white pelicans (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin) (Pelecanidae) in Montana, USA. WNV-positive stable flies were observed feeding en masse on incapacitated, WNV-positive pelicans, arousing suspicions that the flies could have been involved in WNV transmission among pelicans, and perhaps to livestock and humans. We assessed biological transmission by infecting stable flies intrathoracically with WNV and testing them at 2-d intervals over 20 d. Infectious WNV was detected in fly bodies in decreasing amounts over time for only the first 6 d postinfection, an indication that WNV did not replicate within fly tissues and that stable flies cannot biologically transmit WNV. We assessed mechanical transmission using a novel technique. Specifically, we fed WNV-infected blood to individual flies by using a cotton swab (i.e., artificial donor), and at intervals of 1 min-24 h, we allowed flies to refeed on a different swab saturated with WNV-negative blood (i.e., artificial recipient). Flies mechanically transmitted viable WNV from donor to recipient swabs for up to 6 h postinfection, with the majority of the transmission events occurring within the first hour. Flies mechanically transmitted WNV RNA to recipient swabs for up to 24 h, mostly within the first 6 h. Given its predilection to feed multiple times when disturbed, these findings support the possibility that the stable fly could mechanically transmit WNV. |
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